Ancient Origins
The Pantheon is one of the most iconic monuments of ancient Rome, located near Piazza della Rotonda. It was originally commissioned in 27 BC by Marcus Agrippa and later rebuilt around 125 AD by Emperor Hadrian. Even after its reconstruction, Hadrian kept Agrippa’s name on the facade, honoring the building’s original founder.
A Triumph of Roman Engineering
The Pantheon is famous for its extraordinary dome, a masterpiece of Roman engineering. With a diameter of 43 meters, it was the largest dome in the world for more than a thousand years. Built with unreinforced concrete, the dome features elegant coffers that reduce its weight while enhancing its beauty.
The Light of the Oculus
At the center of the dome lies the oculus, a circular opening that allows natural light to illuminate the interior. This architectural element not only provides light but also carries a powerful symbolic meaning, representing the connection between the temple and the Roman gods. The moving beam of sunlight creates a unique and dramatic atmosphere.
From Pagan Temple to Christian Church
Originally constructed as a temple dedicated to all gods, the Pantheon reflects the religious spirit of ancient Rome. In 609 AD, it was consecrated as a Christian church by Pope Boniface IV, which played a crucial role in preserving the building over the centuries.
A Living Monument
Today, the Pantheon remains one of the best-preserved monuments in Rome and continues to attract millions of visitors. It also contains the tomb of the Renaissance artist Raphael, making it a lasting symbol of history, architecture, and cultural heritage.
Frequently Asked Questions about the Pantheon
1. What was the original purpose of the Pantheon?
The Pantheon was originally built as a temple dedicated to all the gods of ancient Rome. Its name comes from the Greek words pan (all) and theos (god), reflecting its religious function.
2. Who built the Pantheon?
The first Pantheon was commissioned by Marcus Agrippa in 27 BC. After it was damaged, it was rebuilt around 125 AD by Emperor Hadrian, who kept Agrippa’s name on the facade.
3. Why is the dome so famous?
The dome is famous because it was the largest in the world for over a thousand years. Made of unreinforced concrete, it is considered a masterpiece of Roman engineering.
4. What is the oculus?
The oculus is the large circular opening at the top of the dome. It allows natural light to enter and symbolizes the connection between the temple and the divine.
5. What is the Pantheon used for today?
Today, the Pantheon is a Christian church located in Rome. It is also a major tourist attraction and the burial place of important figures such as Raphael.
